選修八　Module 4

　　Which English？

　　Different people say different English. It is a problem that may confuse you.

　　Well， they are part of British culture and life， past and present， famous and notorious ?臭名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)的?. But my impression about UK started from within the cab I took out of Heathrow Airport. The driver was a Scotsman ?蘇格蘭人?， and the difference between a Scotsman and an English is enormous ?極大的?. In the 40-minute drive， I listened politely to the driver without getting in. Not because I didn't

　　want，but because I couldn't. How could I know “Loch”?湖? was Lake？ Remember that if you want to find the legendary monster in that famous lake in Southern Scotland， tell the local folks you want to go to “Lock Ness ?海角?” instead of Lake Neise. And if you hear two Scotsman say “Let's go to Kirkyard”， make no mistake about it. They are not going to trim ?修整? the grass in the backyard. They are going to fulfill the holy service in the “Church”.

　　If you stay in Britain longer， Walse English， Irish English and even Berkshire or the neighboring town accents， will definitely ?明確地? further confuse you.

　　1．教材原句：

　　...as_long_as speakers can understand each other—it's communication that counts.

　　真題呈現(xiàn)

　　(全國(guó)卷)—Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?

　　—I don't mind where we go________there's sun, sea and beach.

　　A．a(chǎn)s if　B．a(chǎn)s long as

　　C．now that

　　D．in order that

　　考題巧解　B　考查as long as引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。as long as“只要”；as if“似乎，好像”；now that“既然”；in order that“為了”。

　　2．教材原句：

　　When you receive a phone call from a friend, how long does it take you...

　　真題呈現(xiàn)

　　(福建高考)Nancy enjoyed herself so much________she visited her friends in Sydney last year.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．when

　　D．where

　　考題巧解　C　此題易誤選A項(xiàng)，因?yàn)閟o...that為固定句型，但此處when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　(Ⅰ)單詞速記

　　A．聯(lián)想記憶法

　　1．instantly adv.立即，馬上→________instant 一……就……

　　2．matter v．重要，要緊；有關(guān)系；n.事情→________a matter of fact 事實(shí)上

　　3．furthermore adv. 此外，而且→________addition 此外

　　4．select v．挑選，選擇→select sb./sth.________sth.選擇……做……

　　5．withdraw v．收回；撤銷(xiāo)(說(shuō)過(guò)的話(huà))→withdraw sb./sth. ________sth.收回或撤走某人/物

　　6．potential adj.潛在的；可能的；n.潛力→________one's potential 認(rèn)識(shí)……的潛力

　　7．superior adj.更好的；更強(qiáng)的；n.上級(jí)，上司→be superior ________比……好

　　8．debate n．& v. 討論；辯論；爭(zhēng)論→________debate無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯

　　答案：1.the　2.as　3.in　4.as　5.from　6.realize　7.to　8.beyond

　　B．構(gòu)詞記憶法

　　1．a(chǎn)cquire v．得到，獲得→________n．獲得；得到

　　2．oppose v．反對(duì)→________ adj.反對(duì)的；對(duì)立的；相反的

　　3．count v．很重要；很有價(jià)值；數(shù)數(shù)→________adj.無(wú)數(shù)的，數(shù)不盡的

　　4．convinced adj.確信的，信服的→________adj.令人信服的→________vt.使確信；說(shuō)服

　　5．significance n．意義；含義→________adj.重大的，重要的

　　6．a(chǎn)pproval n．贊許；贊成→________vi.贊成，同意

　　答案：1.acquisition　2.opposed　3.countless　4.convincing；convince　5.significant　6.approve

　　(Ⅱ)短語(yǔ)突破

　　1．tell...________區(qū)分開(kāi)

　　tell the difference ________ A ________B 說(shuō)出A和B的不同

　　2．lie ________在于

　　lie ________sb. 向某人撒謊

　　3．get down to ________ sth. 開(kāi)始認(rèn)真做某事

　　object ________反對(duì)

　　4．let sb. ________讓某人失望

　　let ________更不用說(shuō)

　　5．________ rather 更確切地說(shuō)

　　________rather 寧愿；更喜歡

　　6．be relevant ________ 和……有聯(lián)系

　　have nothing to do ________和……沒(méi)關(guān)系

　　7．________ opposed to 相比之下

　　be ________ to 反對(duì)，截然不同

　　8．complain ________抱怨

　　complain ________訴說(shuō)(病情或痛苦)

　　答案：1.apart；between；and　2.in；to　3.sth./doing；to　4.down；alone　5.or；would　6.to；with　7.as；opposed　8.about；of

　　(Ⅲ)句型總結(jié)

　　經(jīng)典句型

　　1．When you receive a phone call from a friend，______________________(你需要用多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間)to know who it is?

　　2．Perhaps correctness doesn't matter－______________________(只要說(shuō)話(huà)人能相互明白)．..

　　3．...it's __________________________(重要的是交流)．

　　4．But in other countries where English is spoken as a first language ____________________(情況并非如此)．

　　5．________________________(隨著中國(guó)在經(jīng)濟(jì)上的發(fā)展)，opportunities for doing business increase dramatically...

　　6．__________________(設(shè)立于1990年)，the HSK test was initially meant for those learners who regard Chinese as a second or foreign language.

　　答案：1.how long does it take you　2.as long as speakers can understand each other　3.communication that counts　4.this is not the case　5.As China develops economically　6.Established in 1990.

　　典句仿寫(xiě)

　　not all 部分否定

　　仿寫(xiě)：不是所有的人都贊成這個(gè)計(jì)劃。

　　_________________________________________________

　　答案：Not all the people support the plan.

　　(Ⅳ)教材設(shè)問(wèn)

　　1．The quality of someone's voice and their choice of words make a person instantly recognisable, ________ you can't see him or her.

　　A．even though

　　B．a(chǎn)s though

　　C．a(chǎn)s if

　　D．even so

　　2．You could say that there are as many varieties of English, or any other language for that matter, ________ there are speakers of it.

　　A．a(chǎn)nd

　　B．so

　　C．a(chǎn)s

　　D．for

　　3．It is also quite easy to ________ British and American English apart.

　　A．speak

　　B．say

　　C．tell

　　D．talk

　　4．Almost everyone in Singapore

　　is bilingual, ________ some people speak three or four languages.

　　A．when

　　B．a(chǎn)s

　　C．while

　　D．but

　　1．debate n. & vi. 爭(zhēng)論，討論，辯論

　　搭配

　　1)debate on/about...就……辯論

　　debate with sb. about sth. 和某人就某事辯論

　　2)have a debate with sb. about sth. 與某人就某事?tīng)?zhēng)論

　　beyond debate 無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯

　　under debate 正在辯論中

　　①Her books have been the subject of much debate.

　　她的書(shū)已成為很多爭(zhēng)論的主題。

　　②The two sides debated whether to raise the price of school meals.

　　雙方就是否應(yīng)提高學(xué)校用餐價(jià)格而進(jìn)行了辯論。

　　③I debated_with Mary about this question.

　　我和瑪麗辯論過(guò)這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

　　辨析：debate, argue, discuss

　　1)debate通過(guò)辯論說(shuō)服對(duì)方。

　　2)argue指通過(guò)爭(zhēng)論，條理清晰地陳述贊成或反對(duì)的理由。

　　3)discuss指和某人進(jìn)行的一般的討論、商議。

　　即學(xué)即用

　　翻譯句子

　　我們就這個(gè)問(wèn)題辯論到了深夜。

　　________________________________________________________________________.

　　答案：We debated about the question deep into the night.

　　2．clarify vt. 澄清；講清楚；闡明

　　知識(shí)拓展

　　clarify matters 澄清真相

　　clarify one's stand 闡明某人的立場(chǎng)

　　clarification n. 澄清

　　clarity n. 清澈；透明

　　①His explanation clarified the mystery.

　　他的解釋把這個(gè)謎團(tuán)澄清了。

　　He clarified his stand on this issue.

　　他闡明了在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上的立場(chǎng)。

　　An example will help to clarify what I mean.

　　舉一個(gè)例子可以幫助我說(shuō)清楚我的意思。

　　I am seeking clarification of the regulations.

　　我正在努力弄清楚這些規(guī)則。

　　即學(xué)即用

　　He made an attempt to________the misunderstanding about the origin of the language.

　　A．clarifyB．check

　　C．claim

　　D．clap

　　答案：A　clarify the misunderstanding意為“消除誤解”。

　　3．significance n. 意義；意味深長(zhǎng)；含義；重要性；顯著性

　　知識(shí)拓展

　　of no/little significance 無(wú)關(guān)緊要的

　　historical significance 歷史意義

　　of significance＝significant 有意義的；重要的

　　significant adj. 有意義的

　　signify vt. 表示；表明；意味著

　　①They do have some religious significance.

　　他們確實(shí)有某種宗教上的意義。

　　She was greatly touched by the significance of what he had said.

　　他講的話(huà)意味深長(zhǎng)，這使她深受感動(dòng)。

　　I don't think it is of any significance.

　　我認(rèn)為這件事沒(méi)有什么意義。

　　即學(xué)即用

　　The teacher explained the________of the theme expressed in the poem.

　　A．reference　B．significance　C．means　D．signal

　　4．convinced adj. 確信的，信服的

　　知識(shí)拓展

　　1)be convinced of.../that從句　相信……

　　2)convince vt. 使確信，使信服

　　convince使某人相信……

　　convince sb. to do sth. 說(shuō)服某人干某事

　　3)convincing adj.

　　有說(shuō)服力的

　　Molly agreed, but she did not sound very convinced.

　　莫莉同意了，但她聽(tīng)起來(lái)并不是很信服。

　　I am_convinced_of his innocence.＝I am_convinced that he was innocent.

　　我相信他是無(wú)辜的。

　　He convinced_us_of his honesty.

　　他使我們相信了他的誠(chéng)實(shí)。

　　④I've been trying to convince_Joan_to_come with us.

　　我一直在設(shè)法說(shuō)服瓊跟我們一起來(lái)。

　　提示：convince側(cè)重通過(guò)擺事實(shí)及列證據(jù)使人信服。

　　即學(xué)即用

　　單句改錯(cuò)

　　I'm convinced about his guilt.

　　_________________________________________________

　　②There's no convinced evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.

　　_________________________________________________

　　答案：about改為of　convinced改為convincing

　　5．oppose v．反抗，反對(duì)

　　搭配

　　oppose (doing) sth.　反對(duì)(干)某事

　　be opposed to (doing) sth.

　　反對(duì)(干)某事

　　①He opposed_adopting the new bill at the meeting.

　　在會(huì)議上他反對(duì)采納新議案。

　　②China is_opposed_to any form of invasion.

　　中國(guó)反對(duì)任何形式的侵略。

　　提示：be opposed to中的to為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，其同義詞組是be against和object to。

　　oppose，object

　　oppose 是及物動(dòng)詞。表示采取積極行動(dòng)來(lái)反對(duì)，反對(duì)的對(duì)象一般是較重大的事情。

　　object 是不及物動(dòng)詞，常和介詞to搭配。指?jìng)€(gè)人不贊成某事或持有相反的意見(jiàn)。

　　即學(xué)即用

　　完成句子

　　①She ________ to being scolded in public.

　　②Many people ________ changing the law.

　　6．a(chǎn)pproval n. 批準(zhǔn)；認(rèn)可；贊成；同意

　　知識(shí)拓展

　　1)general approval 一致同意

　　with approval of 經(jīng)……的批準(zhǔn)

　　2)approve v.

　　approve of sth. 贊成某事

　　approver n. 批準(zhǔn)者

　　approvingly adv. 贊成地

　　①He showed his approval by smiling.

　　他微笑表示同意。

　　We went to the party with our parents' approval.

　　我們征得父母同意后去參加了聚會(huì)。

　　The resolution was approved 68 to 10 with 28 abstentions.

　　決議以六十八票對(duì)十票通過(guò)，二十八票棄權(quán)。

　　④The minister approved the building plan.

　　部長(zhǎng)批準(zhǔn)了這項(xiàng)建筑計(jì)劃。

　　即學(xué)即用

　　Though what I have done was not ________ by my parents, I don't regret choosing to teach in the rural area.

　　A．a(chǎn)pproved

　　B．a(chǎn)greed

　　C．a(chǎn)pproved of

　　D．a(chǎn)gree with

　　答案：C　be approved of為approve of的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　7．tell apart 區(qū)分開(kāi)

　　知識(shí)拓展

　　fall apart 土崩瓦解

　　far apart 離得很遠(yuǎn)

　　joking apart 別說(shuō)笑話(huà)；說(shuō)正經(jīng)地

　　lay/put/set sth. apart for...把某物留給……

　　take apart 拆開(kāi)

　　apart from 除……之外

　　tell A from B 把A與B區(qū)分開(kāi)

　　tell it like it is 實(shí)事求是地說(shuō)

　　即學(xué)即用

　　The two brothers look so much alike that it is difficult to________.

　　A．tell them from

　　B．tell from them

　　C．tell them apart

　　D．tell apart them

　　答案：C　tell sb. apart 意為“把……區(qū)分開(kāi)”。

　　8．let down 放下；使失望，辜負(fù)

　　知識(shí)拓展

　　let alone 更不用說(shuō)

　　let go 放開(kāi)；松手

　　let in 讓……進(jìn)來(lái)；放……進(jìn)來(lái)

　　let off 放(炮)；投放(炸彈)；排放出(氣體、液體)

　　let out 泄露；發(fā)出(尖叫等)；放大(衣服)

　　即學(xué)即用

　　You will be there tomorrow. You won't let me________，________you?

　　A．out; will

　　B．down; won't

　　C．out; won't

　　D．down; will

　　答案：D　let sb. down意為“讓某人失望”。

　　9．Not_all idioms have been common for many years.

　　并不是所有的習(xí)語(yǔ)很多年都常見(jiàn)。

　　not all...是部分否定，意為“并不是所有的……”。not的位置較為靈活，可置于句首，也可置于句中。